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CHAPTER 3: Static Techniques (K2)

3.1 Reviews and the test process

• Defects detected during reviews early in the life cycle
• Much cheaper to remove than those detected by running tests
• Improve development productivity
• Reduce timescales, cost and time
• Fewer defects
• Improve communication

Typical defects that are easier to find in reviews than in dynamic testing include: deviations from standards, requirement defects, design defects, insufficient maintainability and incorrect interface specifications.

3.2.1 Activities of a Formal Review (K1)

A typical formal review has the following main activities:

3.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities (K1)

Manager

Moderator

Reviewer

Author

Scriber

3.2.3 Types of Reviews (K2)

Stage	Informal	Walkthrough	Technical review	Inspection
Planning	No	Yes	Yes Optional management	Yes
Kick-off	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual preparation	No	Option	Yes Option checklist	Yes
Review meeting	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Re-work	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Follow up	No	Option review report with list of findings	Yes	Yes Metrics gathering Report with list of finding Evaluate exit criteria

3.2.4 Success Factors for Reviews (K2)

• Specific objectivs
• Right people
• Tester is a valuable reviewer
• Welcome defects
• Trust atmosphere
• No people issue
• Suitable review technique
• Checklist
• Training
• Management support
• Learning, improve

3.3 Static Analysis by Tools (K2)

The value of static analysis is:

–              Early detection of defects prior to test execution

–              Early warning about suspicious aspects of the code or design by the calculation of metrics, such as a high complexity measure

–              Identification of defects not easily found by dynamic testing

–              Detecting dependencies and inconsistencies in software models such as links

–              Improved maintainability of code and design

–              Prevention of defects, if lessons are learned in development

Typical defects discovered by static analysis tools include

–              Referencing a variable with an undefined value

–              Inconsistent interfaces between modules and components

–              Variables that are not used or are improperly declared

–              Unreachable (dead) code

–              Potentially infinite loops

–              Overly complicated constructs

–              Programming standards violations

–              Security vulnerabilities

–              Syntax violations of code and software models

Compilers may offer some support for static analysis, including the calculation of metrics

 

 

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